Arthur Mattuck, umuhanga mu mibare mu kigo cy’ikoranabuhanga cya Massachusetts (MIT), yagize ati: "Kudahuza umurongo bivuze ko bigoye kubikemura."Ariko bigomba gukemurwa mugihe uburinganire bwakoreshejwe mumashanyarazi, kuko butanga imiyoboro ihuza kandi bikagira ingaruka mbi kubisaranganya amashanyarazi-kandi birahenze.Hano, Marek Lukaszczyk, Umuyobozi w’Uburayi n’Uburasirazuba bwo Kwamamaza ibicuruzwa bya WEG, uruganda rukora ku isi kandi rutanga ikoranabuhanga rya moteri n’ibinyabiziga, asobanura uburyo bwo kugabanya imiterere ihuza porogaramu zikoreshwa.
Amatara ya Fluorescent, guhinduranya ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, itanura ryamashanyarazi arc, gukosora hamwe nuhindura inshuro.Izi zose ni ingero zibikoresho bifite imitwaro idafite umurongo, bivuze ko igikoresho gikurura voltage hamwe nubu muburyo bwa pulses zitunguranye.Baratandukanye nibikoresho bifite imitwaro iringaniye - nka moteri, ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere, transformateur zifite ingufu, hamwe n'amatara yaka.Kumurongo uremereye, isano iri hagati ya voltage nuburyo bwo guhinduranya ni sinusoidal, kandi ikigezweho umwanya uwariwo wose iragereranywa na voltage-igaragazwa n amategeko ya Ohm.
Ikibazo kimwe nibintu byose bitari umurongo ni uko bitanga imiyoboro ihuza.Harmonics ni ibice byinshyi mubisanzwe birenze hejuru yumurongo wibanze wogutanga amashanyarazi, hagati ya 50 cyangwa 60 Hertz (Hz), kandi byongewe kumurongo wibanze.Imiyoboro yinyongera izatera kugoreka sisitemu ya voltage yumurongo no kugabanya imbaraga zayo.
Imiyoboro ya Harmonic itemba muri sisitemu yamashanyarazi irashobora gutanga izindi ngaruka zitifuzwa, nko kugoreka imbaraga za voltage kumwanya uhuza nindi mizigo, hamwe nubushyuhe bukabije bwinsinga.Muri ibi bihe, igipimo cyuzuye cyo kugoreka (THD) gishobora kutubwira umubare wa voltage cyangwa kugoreka kwubu biterwa nubwumvikane.
Muri iki kiganiro, tuziga uburyo bwo kugabanya guhuza ibikorwa muri inverter hashingiwe ku byifuzo byinganda zo gukurikirana no gusobanura neza ibintu bitera ibibazo byubuziranenge bwingufu.
Ubwongereza bukoresha ibyifuzo byubwubatsi (EREC) G5 byishyirahamwe ryingufu (ENA) nkigikorwa cyiza cyo gucyemura imiyoboro ya voltage ihindagurika muri sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza no gukwirakwiza imiyoboro.Mu Muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ibi byifuzo bikubiye mu mabwiriza y’amashanyarazi (EMC), akubiyemo amahame atandukanye ya komisiyo mpuzamahanga y’amashanyarazi (IEC), nka IEC 60050. Ubusanzwe IEEE 519 ni amahame yo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, ariko birakwiye ko tumenya ko IEEE 519 yibanda kuri sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza aho kuba ibikoresho byihariye.
Inzego zihuza zimaze kugenwa no kwigana cyangwa gupima, hariho inzira nyinshi zo kubigabanya kugirango bigumane imipaka yemewe.Ariko ni ikihe gipimo cyemewe?
Kubera ko bidashoboka mubukungu cyangwa bidashoboka gukuraho ibintu byose bihuye, hariho amahame abiri ya EMC mpuzamahanga agabanya kugoreka ingufu z'amashanyarazi agaragaza agaciro ntarengwa k'umuyoboro uhuza.Nibisanzwe bya IEC 61000-3-2, bikwiranye nibikoresho bifite igipimo cyagenwe kigera kuri 16 A (A) na ≤ 75 A kuri buri cyiciro, hamwe na IEC 61000-3-12, bikwiranye nibikoresho biri hejuru ya 16 A.
Imipaka ihuza imbaraga za voltage igomba kuba kugumana THD (V) yingingo yo guhuza rusange (PCC) kuri ≤ 5%.PCC niho abayobora amashanyarazi ya sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi bahujwe nuyobora abakiriya no guhererekanya amashanyarazi hagati yumukiriya na sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi.
Icyifuzo cya ≤ 5% cyakoreshejwe nkigisabwa cyonyine kubisabwa byinshi.Niyo mpanvu mubihe byinshi, gusa ukoresheje inverter hamwe na 6-pulse ikosora hamwe ninjiza yinjiza cyangwa indorerezi ihuza (DC) irahagije kugirango ihuze ibyifuzo byinshi byo kugoreka voltage.Birumvikana ko, ugereranije na 6-pulse inverter idafite inductor ihuza, ukoresheje inverter hamwe na DC ihuza indangururamajwi (nka WEG nyirizina CFW11, CFW700, na CFW500) irashobora kugabanya cyane imirasire ihuza.
Bitabaye ibyo, hari ubundi buryo bwinshi bwo kugabanya sisitemu ihuza inverter progaramu, tuzabimenyekanisha hano.
Igisubizo kimwe cyo kugabanya guhuza ni ugukoresha inverter hamwe na 12-pulse ikosora.Nyamara, ubu buryo busanzwe bukoreshwa gusa mugihe transformateur yamaze gushyirwaho;kuri inverters nyinshi ihujwe na DC ihuza imwe;cyangwa niba kwishyiriraho bishya bisaba transformateur yeguriwe inverter.Mubyongeyeho, iki gisubizo kibereye imbaraga zisanzwe zirenga kilowati 500 (kilowati).
Ubundi buryo ni ugukoresha 6-pulse ikora ya enterineti (AC) inverter hamwe na pasitoro ya pasiporo yinjiza.Ubu buryo burashobora guhuza urwego rutandukanye rwumubyigano-uhuza imbaraga za voltage hagati ya MV (MV), voltage nini (HV) na voltage ndende (EHV) -kandi igashyigikira guhuza kandi ikuraho ingaruka mbi kubikoresho byabakiriya byoroshye.Nubwo iki ari igisubizo gakondo cyo kugabanya guhuza, bizongera ubushyuhe kandi bigabanye ingufu.
Ibi biratuzanira uburyo buhendutse bwo kugabanya guhuza: koresha inverter hamwe na 18-ikosora, cyangwa cyane cyane DC-AC ikoreshwa na DC ihuza umuyoboro wa 18-pulse ikosora hamwe na transformateur ihinduranya icyiciro.Gukosora impiswi nigisubizo kimwe cyaba 12-pulse cyangwa 18-pulse.Nubwo iki ari igisubizo gakondo cyo kugabanya guhuza, bitewe nigiciro cyacyo kinini, mubisanzwe bikoreshwa gusa mugihe hashyizweho transformateur cyangwa transformateur idasanzwe kuri inverter isabwa kugirango ushyireho.Ubusanzwe ingufu zirenze 500 kWt.
Uburyo bumwe bwo guhuza ibikorwa byongera ubushyuhe no kugabanya ingufu, mugihe ubundi buryo bushobora kunoza imikorere ya sisitemu.Igisubizo cyiza dusaba ni ugukoresha WEG ikora muyunguruzi hamwe na 6-pulse ya AC.Iki nigisubizo cyiza cyo gukuraho guhuza byakozwe nibikoresho bitandukanye
Hanyuma, iyo imbaraga zishobora kuvugururwa kuri gride, cyangwa mugihe moteri nyinshi ziyobowe numuyoboro umwe wa DC, ikindi gisubizo kirashimishije.Nukuvuga, ibikorwa byimbere (AFE) bigarura disiki hamwe na LCL muyunguruzi.Muri iki kibazo, umushoferi afite ikosora ikora mugihe cyo kwinjiza kandi yubahiriza imipaka isabwa.
Kuri inverter idafite DC ihuza-nka WEG yonyine CFW500, CFW300, CFW100 na MW500 inverters-urufunguzo rwo kugabanya guhuza ni reaction ya rezo.Ibi ntibikemura gusa ikibazo cyubwuzuzanye, ahubwo binakemura ikibazo cyingufu zibikwa mugice cya reaction ya inverter kandi ntigikora.Hamwe nubufasha bwurusobekerane, umurongo-mwinshi-icyiciro kimwe cya inverter yapakiwe numuyoboro wa resonant urashobora gukoreshwa kugirango umenye reaction ishobora kugenzurwa.Ibyiza byubu buryo nuko ingufu zibitswe mubintu bya reaction ziri hasi kandi kugoreka guhuza ni bike.
Hariho ubundi buryo bufatika bwo guhangana nubwumvikane.Imwe ni ukongera umubare wumurongo wimitwaro ugereranije numurongo utari umurongo.Ubundi buryo ni ugutandukanya sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi kumurongo hamwe no kumurongo utari umurongo kugirango habeho imipaka itandukanye ya THD imipaka iri hagati ya 5% na 10%.Ubu buryo bwujuje ibyifuzo byubwubatsi byavuzwe haruguru (EREC) G5 na EREC G97, bikoreshwa mugusuzuma impuzandengo ya voltage igoreka ibimera bidafite umurongo kandi byumvikana.
Ubundi buryo ni ugukoresha ikosora hamwe numubare munini wa pulses hanyuma ukayigaburira muri transformateur hamwe nibyiciro byinshi byisumbuye.Impinduka nyinshi-zihinduranya hamwe ninshi zibanze cyangwa izisumbuye zirashobora guhuzwa hagati yubwoko bwihariye bwimiterere kugirango itange ibisohoka bisohoka voltage urwego cyangwa gutwara imizigo myinshi kubisohoka, bityo bigatanga amahitamo menshi mugukwirakwiza amashanyarazi na sisitemu yo guhinduka.
Hanyuma, hariho imikorere mishya ya disiki ya AFE yavuzwe haruguru.Disiki yibanze ya AC ntishobora kuvugururwa, bivuze ko idashobora gusubiza ingufu mumasoko yingufu-ibi ntabwo bihagije cyane, kuko mubisabwa bimwe, kugarura ingufu zagarutse nibisabwa byihariye.Niba ingufu zibyara imbaraga zigomba gusubizwa mumashanyarazi ya AC, uru nirwo ruhare rwa disiki nshya.Ikosora ryoroshye risimburwa na AFE inverters, kandi imbaraga zirashobora kugarurwa murubu buryo.
Ubu buryo butanga uburyo butandukanye bwo kurwanya ubwuzuzanye kandi burakwiriye muburyo butandukanye bwo gukwirakwiza ingufu.Ariko barashobora kandi kuzigama ingufu nigiciro kinini mubikorwa bitandukanye kandi bakubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga.Izi ngero zerekana ko mugihe cyose hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ryukuri rya inverter, ikibazo kitari umurongo ntikizagorana kugikemura.
For more information, please contact: WEG (UK) LtdBroad Ground RoadLakesideRedditch WorcestershireB98 8YPT Tel: +44 (0)1527 513800 Email: info-uk@weg.net Website: https://www.weg.net
Gutunganya no kugenzura Uyu munsi ntabwo ishinzwe ibikubiye mu ngingo cyangwa amashusho yatanzwe hanze.Kanda hano kugirango utwoherereze imeri itumenyesha amakosa cyangwa amakosa yose akubiye muriyi ngingo.